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Terms & Conditions Following are the legally binding terms of use for the official website and app of CHIRRAVURI RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR HUMAN AND GLOBAL REFORMS hereinafter referred to as "CRFHGR". These terms apply solely to your access to, and use of, the website ( www.crfhgr.org ) and its official Android/Apple/Microsoft software application(s). From here on, “we” “our” and “us” shall refer to "CRFHGR" and “you” shall refer to the user and the visitors of the website of CRFHGR as mentioned below in the agreement. “Services” as mentioned in the agreement refers to the official website of CRFHGR. “Site” refers to the official website of CRFHGR (www.crfhgr.org ) and its official Android/Apple/Microsoft software application(s). We reserve the right to change, modify, alter, and expand any of the following terms and conditions as required in its sole discretion without any prior notice. Any such changes, modification, alteration, addition or expansion so made to these Terms shall be effective immediately upon posting of the revisions on the sites and the app and by accessing these services; you waive any right you may have to receive specific notice of such changes or modifications. Your continued use of the services following the implementation of changes, alterations, modifications, addition and expansion will confirm that you are accepting of any such changes or modifications. Therefore, it is advised that you frequently review, understand and accept the following Terms and conditions and applicable policies from time-to-time. If you do not agree to the amended terms, you must stop using our services. If you have any question regarding the use of our services, please place your queries and questions or comments clarifications, you can write to use at communications@crfhgr.org [Terms of Privacy] Refer to the "Privacy Policy" for further understanding of how we collect, store, protect and process the data collected through our services. “As a millennial, and, as an ex-Software Engineer, I understand your concerns regarding your personal data privacy & protection. Please be assured that whatever personal data you submit on my website (www.crfhgr.org ) shall NEVER be sent to (or) shared with any other party (individual, group of persons or organization(s) or any other entity) in any manner.” - Akhil Chirravuri. [Forms, Tools, Features and Facilities] Multiple forms are available on the CRFHGR website for you to create your own profile, to contribute your inputs through “Our Legislative Agenda” platform and to subscribe to the latest updates by CRFHGR. 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You represent and warrant that you own and control all of the rights to the content you post while using our services the content is accurate and not misleading; and use and posting of the content you supply does not violate these Terms and will not violate any rights of or cause injury to any person or entity. [Third Party Content] We do not accept, claim or take responsibility of any Third Party Content as posted on the Site. Any transaction, hyper linking or mention of Third Party content including (but not limited to) websites, media, articles, etc. as posted by you, is between you and the Third Party. And in such cases where we use, accept or utilize the services of a Third Party Content, the user (you) are expected to comply with the terms and conditions of such third party content provider before using any of their services. 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That may infringe any patent, trademark, and trade secret, copyright or other intellectual or proprietary right of any party. that impersonates any person or entity or otherwise misrepresents your affiliation with a person or entity; that, our sole judgement, is objectionable or which restricts or inhibits any other person from using the platform, or which may expose us or the users to any harm or liability of any type; which violates the terms of our guidelines, principles, policies or rules posted on the Site and the App or as and where communicated to you; Unsolicited promotions, spam advertising or solicitations; Private information of any third party, including, without limitation, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses or any other such personal details; and Viruses, corrupted data or other harmful, disruptive or destructive files; (User Data): In consideration of your use of the Site, you agree to: Provide accurate, current and complete information about you as may be prompted by any registration forms on the Site. Maintain the security of your password and identification wherever applicable; and Maintain and promptly update the Input Data, and any other information you provide to us, to keep it accurate, current and complete. [Disclaimer] Except as specifically stated in Site Terms, we do not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, in connection with the subject matter of these Terms and hereby disclaims any and all implied warranties, including all implied warranties of system ability or fitness for a particular purpose. We shall adopt industry acceptable standards for providing and maintaining our services however that we shall not be required to suffer any direct, consequential, or, indirect, exemplary, punitive, or other liability under these Terms and Conditions for uninterrupted access or use of our services by factors beyond our reasonable control including, without limitation, the unavailability, inoperability or interruption of the internet or other telecommunications services or as a result of any scheduled maintenance or other service work carried out. The user acknowledges that all such computer software and/or hardware as and where applicable is provided on “AS IS BASIS". User agrees that we, at no time shall be responsible or liable for any User Submissions posted, stored or uploaded by you or anyone else acting on your behalf or any third party, or for any loss or damage thereto, we at no time shall be liable for any mistakes, defamation, libel, omissions, falsehoods, obscenity, pornography or profanity you may encounter. You agree that your use of the People First Platform is at your own risk. Implementation of the Terms and Conditions set out here is our sole responsibility. In addition, these rules do not create any private right of action on the part of any third party or any reasonable expectation that the Site and App will not contain any content that is prohibited by such rules. By providing Interactive User interface, we do not attract liability for any statements, representations or User Submissions provided by its users in any public forum, blog or other Interactive Area. We reserve the right, and have absolute discretion, to remove, screen or edit any User Submission posted or stored on the Site and the App at any time and for any reason without notice, and you are solely responsible for creating backup copies of and replacing any User Submission on our services at your sole cost and expense. Any use of the People First Platform or other portions of the Site and the App in violation of the foregoing violates these Terms and may result in, among other things, termination or suspension of your rights to use the Platform and/or our services. [Indemnification and Liability] You as user shall be liable towards, and compensate, indemnify and hold us , our affiliates or any person working under us harmless from and against any direct or indirect damages, , liabilities, obligations, costs, claims of any kind, interest, penalties, legal proceedings and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) actually paid, suffered or incurred by us due to the breach of these Terms , any act or omission, misuse, abuse of our services and its access, fraudulent acts, willful misconduct of the user or Any person acting under such user. User shall be liable for any claims arising due to fraudulent transaction, abuse or misuse of our services. [Governing laws and Jurisdiction] These Site Terms including any dispute of whatsoever nature arising out of the use, access, operation, interpretation, or any effect related directly or indirectly arising out of the Site and the App and its Property shall be exclusively governed by the laws of INDIA. In addition to the Site Terms, user agrees that the products and services of CRFHGR are subject to the privacy policy at Site with URL: https://www.crfhgr.org/privacy-policy

How to contact CRFHGR? How to reach out of Chirravuri Research Foundation? Who is the Chief, CEO, Chairman, Chairperson of CRFHGR? The leadership of CRFHGR? Who are working at CRFHGR? Contact us Phone Email Office Hours communications@crfhgr.org +91 - 9392035128 (WhatsApp only) Mon to Sat - 10:00 AM to 6:30 PM 2nd & 4th Saturdays of every month, national and public holidays are off * Let's Chat First Name Last Name Email Message Send Thanks for submitting! Join us

Municipality List 1. Urban planning including town planning. 2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings. 3. Planning for economic and social development. 4. Roads and bridges. 5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. 6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management. 7. Fire services. 8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects. 9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded. 10. Slum improvement and upgradation. 11. Urban poverty alleviation. 12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds. 13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. 14. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds; and electric crematoriums. 15. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals. 16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths. 17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences. 18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.

CRFHGR Refund Policy applicable for donations only. All other categories of non-donation fund transfers do not come under the purview of this refund policy. Refund Policy Chirravuri Research Foundation for Human and Global Reforms, hereinafter referred to as "CRFHGR", is instituting a donation refund policy to ensure fair and transparent processing of requests for refund of donations as digital payments are becoming more frequent. CRFHGR expects that all donors will exercise due care and diligence while making donations. CRFHGR also recognizes that a donation may be made erroneously, or, that donors may change their mind regarding their donation. CRFHGR will examine each request for refund of donation and shall endeavour to make the refund. CRFHGR may also seek further information / documents and donor must co-operate in this regard. We take finances and financial matters seriously, and, as such, we respect financial decisions of donors and the need to honour their refund requests as expeditiously as possible. Therefore, for the purpose of refund policy, we will be available and active in terms of responsiveness and commitment on all the 7 days of a week regardless of public, national or other holidays. Donors should note that all the communication shall have to happen, and, shall be happening via E-mail only. If you would like your donation to CRFHGR to be refunded, then, You must request CRFHGR by sending an email to communications@crfhgr.org for a refund with Subject Line: "[Urgent] Request Donation Refund | " Your Refund Request Email must reach CRFHGR within 7 (Seven) days from the Date of Donation (includes both weekdays and weekends) i.e., the date on which you: Made the donation online, electronically or through other means, OR Handed over the cheque / demand draft to CRFHGR or someone authorised by CRFHGR for this purpose, OR Dispatched the cheque / demand draft to CRFHGR by other means. Your Refund Request Email must contain all the following details pertaining to the donation. Date of Donation Donation amount Mode of Payment: Online/Cheque/DD, please provide Cheque/Draft no. If donation was made through credit card, please provide Credit Card no. (last 4 digits only). If donation was made online, please provide Donation-ID. Once the Refund Request Email is received, our finance team shall identify and process the refund promptly as applicable. However, our finance team may reach out to the individuals via email and/or contact no. (provided during donation), in case of requiring additional details for the purpose of processing the refund. In such a scenario, we request the donors to respond (via email ONLY) and share the information sought by our finance team as quickly as possible in about 2-3 days (includes both weekdays and weekends). If no response is received from the donor with-in 2-3 days (includes both weekdays and weekends), and, if the 7 (Seven) days refund window period is exceeded, then, the refund request raised by the donor lapses and the donation would not be refunded under any circumstances. However, CRFHGR is not obliged to make refunds and may, in its discretion, decline any requests for refund of donations, particularly if a tax exemption certificate has been issued. CRFHGR is authorized to make any changes to its refund policy from time-to-time as deemed fit in the interests of the pursuance of its organizational objectives. (All decisions of CRFHGR in this regard will be final and binding on the donor)

Here are our research reports, the outcome of our time, sweat and blood. Research Papers 01 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 02 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 03 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 04 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start.

Patient Rights [Right to Information] (1) Physicians or their qualified assistants are required to provide adequate information about your illness, its diagnosis (provisional or confirmed, as it may be), proposed investigation and possible complications to the patient. If the patient is not in a state to understand this, the physician or their assistant is required to provide the information to the caretaker. (2) This has to be done in a simple language that the patient or caretaker will understand. (3) Apart from this, patients have the right to know the identity and professional status of every doctor and assistant as well as the primary doctor who is treating them. (4) Information regarding costs of treatment needs to be given in writing. [Right to Records and Reports] (1) Patients or their respective caretakers have the right to access the originals or copies of case papers, indoor patient records and investigation reports. Investigation reports have to be made available to them within 24 hours of admission or 72 hours of discharge. (2) The hospital is responsible for providing a discharge summary or a death summary, in the case of a death, to the caretakers or kin of the patient with original copies of investigations. [Right to Emergency Medical Care] In an emergency situation, you can avail medical care in any government or private hospital. Under Article 21 of the Constitution, which ensures that every person has the right to life and personal liberty, you have the right to prompt emergency care by doctors without compromise on quality or safety and without having to pay full or an advanced fee to the hospital. [Right to Informed Consent] If a hospital decides upon carrying an invasive investigation or surgery or chemotherapy on a patient, they require to do so after completing an appropriate policy procedure. The doctor primarily in charge of a patient has to explain the risks, consequences and procedure of the investigation or surgery in detail and a simple language before providing the protocol consent form to the patient or to the responsible caretaker. [Right to Confidentiality, Human Dignity and Privacy] (1) Now this one is a fairly known right, especially if you follow TV shows about hospitals or doctors. The code of ethics dictates doctors to hold information about the illness and treatment plan for the patient in strict confidentiality from everyone except the patient and their caretakers. (2) Unless it is an exceptional case where sharing this information is “in the interest of protecting other or due to public health considerations.” (3) In the case of a female patient, she has the right to demand the presence of another woman if the medical practitioner checking or treating her is male. Having said this, the hospital is responsible for upholding the dignity of every patient, irrespective of their gender. [Right to Non-discrimination] (1) The above point brings us to the rights of a patient being upheld without discrimination based on their illness, condition, HIV status or on their gender, age, religion, caste, ethnicity, sexual orientation, linguistic or geographical or social origins. (2) Based on the above characteristics, no person can be subjected to discriminatory treatment, and the staff of the hospital is responsible for ensuring this. [Right to Standards in Safety & Quality Care] Here is a brief list of provisions that come under the list of quality care standards- Safety and security. Cleanliness, infection control measures and sanitation facilities and safe drinking water. Healthcare that abides by the latest standards, norms and guidelines under the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals (NABH ) . To be attended to, treated and cared for in a professional manner and with the principles of medical ethics. Right to seek redressal by patient or caretakers. [Right to Choose Alternative Treatment Options] Hospital staff and doctors are responsible for clarifying all treatment options to the patient/caretakers. After a thorough study of their choices, the patient/caretakers can choose to opt for a treatment that may or may not be the doctor’s primary recommendation. This also means that once the patient/caretakers choose this alternative treatment, they will shoulder the responsibility of its consequences. [Right to a Second Opinion] (1) Doctors and the hospital must respect your decision if you choose to seek a second opinion from a doctor/hospital of your choice. They are responsible for handing over all record documents and other relevant information should you choose to approach a different doctor. The hospital can neither stop you nor discourage you from going elsewhere, only give a detailed explanation of the health condition and repercussions in case of delay in treatment. (2) In case you choose to come back to the first hospital after getting your second opinion, the hospital still cannot compromise on the quality of healthcare services. [Right to Transparency in Rates and Care] (1) As mentioned above, the patient has the right to have a written account of the costs they will have to bear for the treatment they are receiving. As evidence for this, hospitals are required to have printed brochures and prominent display boards bearing the names and rates of medical procedures that are available with them. Detailed schedules of key rates need to be displayed in conspicuous places and need to be in both, English as well as the local language. (2) Patients have the right to get medicines, devices and implants at rates decided by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA ) and other relevant authorities. Patients have the right to receive health care services that cost within the range prescribed by the Central and State governments, at the time of receiving it. [Right to Choose the Source for Obtaining Medicines or Tests] As a patient or a caretaker, you have the right to choose which registered pharmacy you wish to buy your medical supplies from. This also includes getting an investigation procedure (like a blood test, for example) from any diagnostic centre or laboratory registered under the National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (NABL ) . [Right to proper referral and transfer, which is free from perverse commercial influences] (1) If a patient must be transferred from one healthcare centre to another, a proper and detailed justification must be given to them/caretakers along with various options of the new healthcare centre. They must also be given a list of treatments/medicines that need to be continued after the transfer. This step cannot be taken unless the patient or their caretaker accept it. (2) Needless to say, these decisions cannot be influenced by reasons like “kickbacks, commissions, incentives, or other perverse business practices.” [Right to Patient Protection involved in clinical trials] According to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), “All clinical trials must be conducted in compliance with the protocols and Good Clinical Practice Guidelines issued by Services, Govt. of India as well as all applicable statutory provisions of Amended Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945 Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, Directorate General of Health.” These points include consent by the patient, written prescription of drugs or intervention, privacy etc. You can read in detail about the guidelines here . [Right to Protection of Participants involved in Biomedical and Health Research] (1) In case a patient is involved in a biomedical or health research procedure, their consent needs to be taken in a written format. Their right to dignity, privacy and confidentiality needs to be upheld even during the research. If the participant suffers direct physical, psychological, social, legal or economic harm, they are eligible for financial or other assistance by the hospital. (2) Whatever benefits the hospital gets from the research must be made available to relevant individuals, communities and the general population. [Right to be Discharged, Right to Receive the Body of a Deceased Person] “A patient has the right to be discharged and cannot be detained in a hospital, on procedural grounds such as [a] dispute in payment of hospital charges. Similarly, caretakers have the right to the dead body of a patient who had been treated in a hospital, and the dead body cannot be detailed on procedural grounds, including non-payment/dispute regarding payment of hospital charges against wishes of the caretakers,” says the MoHFW. [Right to Patient Education] Here is a list of things that a patient needs to be informed about by the hospital. These need to be addressed in the language that the patient/caretaker understands. Major facts about their condition Healthy living practices Their rights and responsibilities Health insurance schemes relevant to them Relevant entitlements (for charitable hospitals) How to seek redressal of grievances [Right to be heard and seek redressal] Last but not the least, every patient has the right to address his grievances and give feedback about the healthcare and treatment they received at the hospital or from a particular doctor/assistant. The MoHFW further adds, “Patients and caregivers have the right to seek redressal in case they are aggrieved, on account of infringement of any of the above-mentioned rights in this charter. This may be done by lodging a complaint with an official designated for this purpose by the hospital/healthcare provider and further with an official mechanism constituted by the government such as Patients’ rights Tribunal Forum or Clinical establishments regulatory authority as the case may be.

Join CRFHGR as a volunteer. Contribute to the betterment of human race and our world, literally, in your own way. Get involved Do you like the unique ideology & approach ? If yes, Would you like to contribute to the vision of building a citizen-centric participatory political system? All you have to do is fill in the below form based on your interests and we will reach out to you. Join as a Volunteer. First Name Please select your Gender * Male Female Transgender Others Current Occupation Middle Name Last Name Date of Birth * required Contact No. Email Current Organization/Institution/College/School Write about your perspective of life in 3 sentences. Which according to you is the most valuable thing in this universe? Explain. Which according to you is the best and fastest way of spreading 'ideas of impact' among people? Upload Resume Max File Size 15MB Submit Thanks for submitting!

CRFHGR indulges in Public Policy Research, Grassroots Perception Studies, Behavioural Analysis, Citizen Advocacy, Campaign Innovation, Content Development, Media Studies, Stakeholder Engagement, Peace & Conflict Studies, Governance Consulting, Techno-politics and Social Impact Assessment Our Work How do we make our world a better place? How to contribute to human progress and make societies more peaceful and prosperous? What do we do to achieve this? Public Policy Research In simple words, Public Policy is what our governments choose to do (or) not. All governments try to do something good in the interest of society based on a certain conviction. We contribute to this process through research of new and existing policies. Citizen Advocacy Knowledge and information are useful only when they are shared. In the current digital age, we are going through a phenomenon known as 'content bombardment' sometimes leading to misinformation. It is important that citizens possess the right knowledge to combat ignorance and misinformation. Media Studies Media, whether print/electronic/digital plays a phenomenal role in setting-up and shaping social and societal discourses. Understanding and incorporating media perspectives into change and impact management is key to holistic well-being. Governance Advisory Contribute to the simplification of myriad aspects of governance in order to achieve intended impact by involving all the stakeholders. Capacity Building Capacity building is necessary to achieve intended results. Imparting knowledge through trainings, building better instincts, value systems and creating a sustainable environment for the effective individual functioning shall be undertaken. Grassroots Perception Studies Understanding ground realities is the most essential requirement in the area of social sciences research. We gather valuable data from our field visits, surveys and ethnographic studies and develop insights into the needs, aspirations and the perception of our individuals and communities. Campaign Innovation Innovation is everywhere! Anything (or) aspect of our life and society can be hugely impacted through innovation that inspires human action. Innovative campaigns act as force multipliers in social reform process. Stakeholder Engagement No reform or impact can be made possible without understanding the thoughts, concerns and opinions of the stakeholders associated with that reform decision. By engaging all necessary stakeholders, we strive to develop deeper insights and crafting solutions. Techno-politics Exploring and adopting new methods of technology into policymaking, politics and governance paving way for responsible digital societies. CSR Advisory The core human needs are changing, so are the challenges associated with fulfilling these needs. Bearing in mind the evolving nature and scope of core needs, we help corporates and other business partners to effectively and efficiently plan and execute their CSR activities driving social impact. Behavioural Analysis Human behaviour is complex. Yet, sometimes, behaviour of humans in groups could be less complex. How complex is it? Why is it so? How to understand it and use it to our needs is a huge branch of study. Content Development Who does not love engaging content? The key characteristic of a great content is driving enthusiasm among the audience. The key characteristic of impactful content is to translate enthusiasm into action. We strive for the creation of impactful content. Peace and Conflict Studies Peace cannot be achieved until conflict is understood and conflict cannot be understood until the root of all human insecurities are understood and addressed appropriately. We strive to understanding insecurities. Social Impact Assessment Observation, measurement and analysis of policy decisions to formulate consequent action. ESG Advisory Today individuals, communities and organizations are witnessing the perils of climate change. We work with them to build sustainable business systems and models that mitigate the climate risk while maintaining the quality of product or service.

UN Sustainable DEVELOPMENT GOALs (Goal - 1) No Poverty (Goal - 4) Quality Education (Goal - 7) Affordable & Clean Energy (Goal - 10) Reduced Inequalities (Goal - 13) Climate Action (Goal - 16) Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions (Goal - 2) Zero Hunger (Goal - 5) Gender Equality (Goal - 3) Good Health & Well-being (Goal - 6) Clean Water & Sanitation (Goal - 8) Decent Work & Economic Growth (Goal - 9) Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure (Goal - 11) Sustainable Cities & Communities (Goal - 12) Responsible Production & Consumption (Goal - 14) Life Below Water (Goal - 15) Life on Land (Goal - 17) Partnerships for the Goals UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A ) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages. [Article 1] All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. [Article 2] Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. [Article 3] Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. [Article 4] No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. [Article 5] No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. [Article 6] Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. [Article 7] All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. [Article 8] Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. [Article 9] No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. [Article 10] Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. [Article 11] (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. [Article 12] No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. [Article 13] (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. [Article 14] (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. [Article 15] (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. [Article 16] (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. [Article 17] (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. [Article 18] Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. [Article 19] Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. [Article 20] (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. [Article 21] (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. [Article 22] Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. [Article 23] (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. [Article 24] Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. [Article 25] (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. [Article 26] (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. [Article 27] (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. [Article 28] Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. [Article 29] (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. [Article 30] Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Fundamental Duties "Duties came before Rights. The exercise of Rights implies the exercise of Duties" [Article 51A] It shall be the duty of every citizen of India — (1) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (2) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (3) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (4) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (5) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (6) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (7) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures; (8) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (9) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (10) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement; (11) Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.