Fundamental Duties "Duties came before Rights. The exercise of Rights implies the exercise of Duties" [Article 51A] It shall be the duty of every citizen of India — (1) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (2) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (3) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (4) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (5) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (6) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (7) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures; (8) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (9) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (10) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement; (11) Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

CRFHGR is committed towards furthering the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030. What are they? The 17 UN SDGs are listed here for site visitor review. UN Sustainable DEVELOPMENT GOALs (Goal - 1) No Poverty (Goal - 4) Quality Education (Goal - 7) Affordable & Clean Energy (Goal - 10) Reduced Inequalities (Goal - 13) Climate Action (Goal - 16) Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions (Goal - 2) Zero Hunger (Goal - 5) Gender Equality (Goal - 3) Good Health & Well-being (Goal - 6) Clean Water & Sanitation (Goal - 8) Decent Work & Economic Growth (Goal - 9) Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure (Goal - 11) Sustainable Cities & Communities (Goal - 12) Responsible Production & Consumption (Goal - 14) Life Below Water (Goal - 15) Life on Land (Goal - 17) Partnerships for the Goals UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A ) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages. [Article 1] All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. [Article 2] Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. [Article 3] Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. [Article 4] No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. [Article 5] No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. [Article 6] Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. [Article 7] All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. [Article 8] Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. [Article 9] No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. [Article 10] Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. [Article 11] (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. [Article 12] No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. [Article 13] (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. [Article 14] (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. [Article 15] (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. [Article 16] (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. [Article 17] (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. [Article 18] Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. [Article 19] Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. [Article 20] (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. [Article 21] (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. [Article 22] Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. [Article 23] (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. [Article 24] Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. [Article 25] (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. [Article 26] (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. [Article 27] (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. [Article 28] Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. [Article 29] (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. [Article 30] Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Child & Student Rights The Indian constitution accords rights to children as citizens of the country, and in keeping with their special status the State has even enacted special laws. The Constitution, promulgated in 1950, encompasses most rights included in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. Over the years, many individuals and public interest groups have approached the apex court for restitution of fundamental rights, including child rights. The Directive Principles of State Policy articulate social and economic rights that have been declared to be “fundamental in the governance of the country and … the duty of the state to apply … in making laws” (Article 37). The government has the flexibility to undertake appropriate legislative and administrative measures to ensure children’s rights; no court can make the government ensure them, as these are essentially directives. These directives have enabled the judiciary to give some landmark judgements promoting children’s rights, leading to Constitutional Amendments as is in the case of the 86th Amendment to the Constitution that made Right to Education a fundamental right.

CRFHGR strives to ensure that every Indian citizen be aware of the Indian Constitution and its core structure and values. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PREAMBLE We, the People of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Our Constitution has... 449 ARTICLES 5 APPENDICES 25 PARTS 106 AMENDMENTS 12 SCHEDULES 1,45,000 + WORDS A MUST READ ( Basic knowledge every CITIZEN must possess) Fundamental Rights MORE Fundamental Rights Know more > Fundamental Duties Fundamental Duties Know more > Directive Principles MORE Directive Principles Know more > Union List Union List Know more > State List State List Know more > Concurrent List Concurrent List Know more > Panchayat List Panchayat List Know more > Municipality List Municipality List Know more > Download Constitution of India (in English) here Download Constitution of India (in other languages) here

Simplifying key government, private member and other legislations that are in the interest of individuals, communities, society, nation(s) and the world. Browse through and read them to learn more to expand your understanding of the most pressing issues. Legislative Briefs Legislative Brief #1 The Agricultural and Other Rural Workers (Protection and Welfare) Bill, 2022 Introduced By: Shri. Ranjeetsinha Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar The Bill aims to safeguard and enhance the welfare of agricultural and rural workers across India. It addresses the long-standing exploitation and lack of legal protection for this vulnerable workforce by proposing statutory entitlements like minimum wages, pensions, accident compensation, maternity benefits, and access to education and healthcare. Agricultural and rural workers, despite forming the backbone of the Indian economy, remain unorganized and highly exploited due to the absence of structured legal protection and welfare provisions. Legislative Brief #3 The Backward Areas Development Board Bill, 2024 Introduced By: Shri K. Navaskani The Backward Areas Development Board Bill, 2024 seeks to establish a national-level board to identify and enable the rapid development of backward regions across India. Despite national economic growth, regional disparities persist. Many districts lack basic infrastructure, industries, or access to services, leading to migration, underdevelopment, and inequality. Legislative Brief #5 The Debt Relief Board Bill, 2022 Introduced By: Adv. Dean Kuriakose The Debt Relief Board Bill, 2022 proposes the establishment of a statutory body—the Debt Relief Board—to identify and recommend loans for waiver as a one-time national interest measure. The bill seeks to address the persistent debt burden on vulnerable groups and enhance formal financial inclusion. Large segments of the population remain trapped in debt cycles, especially in agriculture, MSMEs, and education sectors, with a significant reliance on non-institutional lenders. Legislative Brief #2 The Agricultural Produce Price Fixation Board Bill, 2022 Introduced By: Adv. A. M. Ariff The Bill proposes to create an autonomous statutory body responsible for fixing remunerative support prices for agricultural produce, including fruits and vegetables, across India. This bill also seeks to protect farmers from post-harvest price crashes and ensure fair compensation based on actual production costs. Farmers frequently receive prices below the cost of production due to market volatility, particularly during post-harvest periods. Existing MSP mechanisms fail to guarantee minimum income or cover actual farming costs, leading to indebtedness and distress. Legislative Brief #4 The Compulsory Career Guidance Bill, 2017 Introduced By: Shri R. Dhruvanarayana The Compulsory Career Guidance Bill, 2017 aims to institutionalize mandatory career counselling for students at the school level to ensure informed educational and vocational decisions. It mandates the involvement of qualified professionals, government support, and periodic evaluation to equip students—particularly those from marginalized communities—with the tools to chart meaningful career paths. A significant number of Indian students complete schooling without adequate guidance, leading to unsuitable career choices, high dropout rates, and youth unemployment. This issue is intensified among underprivileged communities. Legislative Brief #6 This is your Project description. A brief summary can help visitors understand the context of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. The Bill aims to safeguard and enhance the welfare of agricultural and rural workers across India. It addresses the long-standing exploitation and lack of legal protection for this vulnerable workforce by proposing statutory entitlements like minimum wages, pensions, accident compensation, maternity benefits, and access to education and healthcare. Agricultural and rural workers, despite forming the backbone of the Indian economy, remain unorganized and highly exploited due to the absence of structured legal protection and welfare provisions. Description

Food Rights As a consumer you have certain rights with regards to the food and food products you purchase. You also have a redressal mechanism to help you. All you have to do is to be aware and exercise your rights. Click on the logo above to visit FSSAI official website. Click here for a list of Food Advisories

CRFHGR's "Know Your Rights" initiative strives to inform every Indian citizen of their rights. Know your Rights Debunking all myths and providing you all with plain facts. One stop destination to get to know all YOUR rights. Please go through all of them and share it with our family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and fellow citizens. Legal Rights Driver & Passenger Rights Traffic Code Consumer Rights Patient Rights Employee Rights Voter Rights Food Safety Rights Child & Student Rights Digital Rights Govt. Schemes' Eligibility Check Farmer Rights Women's Rights How to file RTIs? "Right to Information Act - 2005" commonly known as "RTI Act" is an act of the Parliament of India which aims to provide for establishing a practical regime for dissemination of information to citizens and replaces the erstwhile "Freedom of information Act, 2002". Under the provisions of the Act, any citizen of India may request information from a "public authority" (a body of Government or "instrumentality of State") which is required to reply expeditiously (or) within thirty days. The Act also requires every public authority to computerize their records for wide dissemination and to proactively classify certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally. This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 12 October 2005. Every day, over 4,800 RTI applications are filed. In the first ten years of the commencement of the act over 17,500,000 applications have been filed. Information disclosure in India is restricted by the "Official Secrets Act, 1923" and various other special laws, which the new RTI Act relaxes to some extent. Right to Information codifies as a fundamental right of the citizens of India. RTI has proven to be very useful, but is counteracted by the "Whistle blowers Act". Raising an RTI...! You can raise an RTI request either 'online' (provided there is a dedicated online channel for the information authority/office to whom/which you're willing to raise the request) or 'offline' (i.e. by visiting the office, sending a mail etc.) All RTIs related to Union Government, Parliament, PSBs, PSUs and all central govt. institutions could be raised online through All India RTI Online portal. Apart from Union Government and other National institutions which have online portals to file RTI requests, ONLY 2 state governments - Delhi & Maharashtra have Online RTI portals among 28 states and 8 Union Territories. (Format for Offline RTI Application) (Online RTI Application Portal) (Click on the above image to visit National RTI Online Portal) Click here to read User Manual on "how to file RTIs?"

CRFHGR Monthly Newsletters. Monthly Newsletters 01 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 02 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 03 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 04 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start.

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